It may not be a pleasant subject, but constipation – painful and difficult bowel movements-- is a common problem for cancer patients.  It must not be ignored.

Constipation might be caused by the cancer itself or the medicines you are taking.  Or, if you are being given chemotherapy, you might have a hard time eating and drinking and that can make you constipated. Medicines for pain can cause constipation too.

If you are not having regular bowel movements it is important that you talk to your doctor. The problem might be solved by some simple changes in your diet or your doctor may suggest an over-the-counter or prescription medication.

Maybe your not sure what a “regular bowel movement” is and what’s normal for you. Talk to your doctor or health care team.

ON OUNCE OF PREVENTION

WHAT YOU CAN DO: 

Drink plenty of fluids (8 to 10 glasses a day), unless you have heart, blood vessel, or kidney problems.

Eat more foods high in fiber such as bran and whole grain cereals, raisins, popcorn, corn, dates, figs, and prunes.

If you aren’t used to eating high fiber foods, it will take your body several weeks to get use to the change in diet. You may experience irregular bowel movements, gas and bloating until your system adjusts. If you add high fiber items gradually, your body may have less trouble adjusting.

Avoid foods that can increase constipation such as milk and cheese, and refined starches such as rice, potatoes, and white bread. Avoid coffee, tea, and other caffeinated beverages. The rule of thumb is, for every cup of caffeinated beverage, you should drink an extra glass of water.

Exercise every day as best you can. Even a short walk can help. If you are confined to bed, ask our medical team about exercises you can do in bed.

Set aside the same time each day to have a bowel movement. Respond to the urge right away. You may have to strain if you wait.

Drink a warm or hot liquid about a half-hour before your normal time for a bowel movement.

Keep a record of your bowel movements for when you talk to your doctor.

Don’t use suppositories and enemas without first talking to your doctor.  Even though these products may be common treatments for constipation in healthy people, they could cause bleeding or infection and are not recommended for all patients.

This page was last edited on 01/19/2004
Written by Rachael Myers Lowe, cancerpage.com
Reviewed by Kathe Kelly BSN, RN, OCN